A Retrospective Cohort Study to Assess Patient and Physician Reported Outcome Measures After Decompressive Hemicraniectomy for Malignant Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke.

INTRODUCTION: Decompressive hemicraniectomy for malignant middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction is known to reduce mortality. However, there are on-going concerns in terms of the quality of life in survivors. We aimed to examine the correlation between patient and physician reported outcome measures in decompressive hemicraniectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed outcomes in 21 patients who underwent decompressive hemicraniectomy for malignant MCA infarction between September 2003 and August 2013 within a regional health system. Patient and physician reported outcome measures were collected at follow-up. These were Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) Version 3, modified Rankin Scale (mRS), National Hospital Seizure Severity Scale, Headache Impact Test and Patient Health Questionnaire for depression. RESULTS: There was a good correlation between physician and patient reported outcome measures. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between mRS and structured SIS Version 3 was -0.887 (p < 0.001); with unstructured SIS results, the correlation coefficient was -0.663 (p = 0.001). There was no statistically significant correlation between life worth and modified Rankin Scale: r = -0.3383 (p = 0.087). DISCUSSION: Our findings of a statistically significant correlation between mRS and SIS have not previously been reported in patients with this condition. These findings provide further information to inform patient and next of kin discussions regarding outcomes from decompressive hemicraniectomy in malignant MCA infarction

Overview of ImageCLEFcoral 2019 task

Understanding the composition of species in ecosystems on a large scale is key to developing effective solutions for marine conservation, hence there is a need to classify imagery automatically and rapidly. In 2019, ImageCLEF proposed for the first time the ImageCLEFcoral task. The task requires participants to automatically annotate and localize benthic substrate (such as hard coral, soft coral, algae and sponge) in a collection of images originating from a growing, large-scale dataset from coral reefs around the world as part of monitoring programmes. In its first edition, five groups participated submitting 20 runs using a variety of machine learning and deep learning approaches. Best runs achieved 0.24 in the annotation and localisation subtask and 0.04 on the pixel-wise parsing subtask in terms of MAP 0.5 IoU scores which measures the Mean Average Precision (MAP) when using the performance measure of Intersection over Union (IoU) bigger to 0.5 of the ground truth

Phase-Diverse Coherent Diffractive Imaging: High Sensitivity with Low Dose

This Letter demonstrates that coherent diffractive imaging (CDI), in combination with phase-diversity methods, provides reliable and artefact free high-resolution images. Here, using x rays, experimental results show a threefold improvement in the available image contrast. Furthermore, in conditions requiring low imaging dose, it is demonstrated that phase-diverse CDI provides a factor of 2 improvement in comparison to previous CDI techniques

Nuclear tools for characterising radiological dispersion in complex terrain: evaluation of regulatory and emergency response models

Routine operations of a nuclear research reactor and its facilities offer opportunities for collection of rare environmental tracer datasets which can be used for atmospheric dispersion model evaluation studies. The HIFAR reactor near Sydney, Australia, routinely emits the radioactive noble gas Ar-41, and other radionuclides such as Xe-133 and Xe-135 are also emitted from nearby radiopharmaceutical production facilities. Despite extremely low emission levels of these gases, they are nevertheless detectable using state-of-the-art technology, and sensitive detectors have been placed at four locations in the surrounding region which features complex terrain. The high research potential of this unique dataset is illustrated in the current study, in which predictions from two atmospheric dispersion models used for emergency response are compared with Ar-41 peak observations from the detector network under a range of stability conditions, and long-term integrated data is also compared with a routine impact assessment model. © 2005, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd

Actin cortex architecture regulates cell surface tension

Animal cell shape is largely determined by the cortex, a thin actin network underlying the plasma membrane in which myosin-driven stresses generate contractile tension. Tension gradients result in local contractions and drive cell deformations. Previous cortical tension regulation studies have focused on myosin motors. Here, we show that cortical actin network architecture is equally important. First, we observe that actin cortex thickness and tension are inversely correlated during cell-cycle progression. We then show that the actin filament length regulators CFL1, CAPZB and DIAPH1 regulate mitotic cortex thickness and find that both increasing and decreasing thickness decreases tension in mitosis. This suggests that the mitotic cortex is poised close to a tension maximum. Finally, using a computational model, we identify a physical mechanism by which maximum tension is achieved at intermediate actin filament lengths. Our results indicate that actin network architecture, alongside myosin activity, is key to cell surface tension regulation

VEZF1 elements mediate protection from DNA methylation

There is growing consensus that genome organization and long-range gene regulation involves partitioning of the genome into domains of distinct epigenetic chromatin states. Chromatin insulator or barrier elements are key components of these processes as they can establish boundaries between chromatin states. The ability of elements such as the paradigm &#946;-globin HS4 insulator to block the range of enhancers or the spread of repressive histone modifications is well established. Here we have addressed the hypothesis that a barrier element in vertebrates should be capable of defending a gene from silencing by DNA methylation. Using an established stable reporter gene system, we find that HS4 acts specifically to protect a gene promoter from de novo DNA methylation. Notably, protection from methylation can occur in the absence of histone acetylation or transcription. There is a division of labor at HS4; the sequences that mediate protection from methylation are separable from those that mediate CTCF-dependent enhancer blocking and USF-dependent histone modification recruitment. The zinc finger protein VEZF1 was purified as the factor that specifically interacts with the methylation protection elements. VEZF1 is a candidate CpG island protection factor as the G-rich sequences bound by VEZF1 are frequently found at CpG island promoters. Indeed, we show that VEZF1 elements are sufficient to mediate demethylation and protection of the APRT CpG island promoter from DNA methylation. We propose that many barrier elements in vertebrates will prevent DNA methylation in addition to blocking the propagation of repressive histone modifications, as either process is sufficient to direct the establishment of an epigenetically stable silent chromatin stat

Chemotaxis When Bacteria Remember: Drift versus Diffusion

{\sl Escherichia coli} ({\sl E. coli}) bacteria govern their trajectories by switching between running and tumbling modes as a function of the nutrient concentration they experienced in the past. At short time one observes a drift of the bacterial population, while at long time one observes accumulation in high-nutrient regions. Recent work has viewed chemotaxis as a compromise between drift toward favorable regions and accumulation in favorable regions. A number of earlier studies assume that a bacterium resets its memory at tumbles -- a fact not borne out by experiment -- and make use of approximate coarse-grained descriptions. Here, we revisit the problem of chemotaxis without resorting to any memory resets. We find that when bacteria respond to the environment in a non-adaptive manner, chemotaxis is generally dominated by diffusion, whereas when bacteria respond in an adaptive manner, chemotaxis is dominated by a bias in the motion. In the adaptive case, favorable drift occurs together with favorable accumulation. We derive our results from detailed simulations and a variety of analytical arguments. In particular, we introduce a new coarse-grained description of chemotaxis as biased diffusion, and we discuss the way it departs from older coarse-grained descriptions.Comment: Revised version, journal reference adde